Black Willow

Black willows can reach heights ranging from 40 to 60 feet. They have wedge-shaped leaves that narrow to a pointy end. These leaves are normally two to six inches long. One side of the leaves stays somewhat glossy and has a medium-to-dark green color. The other side usually has a dull appearance in the same hue. As they grow, the bark on these trees may become a sandy color or even turn black. It also becomes deeply grooved. The genetic makeup of these trees causes them to grow extremely fast. Their root system, which efficiently absorbs water and nutrients, further contributes to their rapid growth.

By drawing out organic pollutants, metalloids, and metals from the soil, they act as filters. They can even remove the herbicide Bentazon from shallow groundwater via their filtration capabilities. This is very useful in areas where there is a lot of industrial waste or agricultural runoff. The rate at which these plants can detoxify themselves is dependent on the contaminants they come across. Another way these plants help with phytoremediation is by releasing enzymes and other chemicals that break down organic pollutants in soil or groundwater. Once absorbed, the pollutants undergo metabolic or physiological changes inside the tree. These changes either lower their concentration or convert them into less harmful forms.

Because of their towering height, thick foliage, and quick growth rate, they are great options for creating natural privacy. Their verdant greenery creates a dense canopy that shuts out unwanted light and noise. Planting them in rows creates a living wall that blocks the view of nearby houses or busy roadways.

They provide soil protection because of their deep, spreading roots. These roots have a high capacity for absorbing water, which is of great benefit in areas prone to flooding or waterlogging. They not only prevent soil saturation but also mitigate water runoff. Their adaptability to damp environments and soil preservation capabilities make them useful for revegetating disturbed areas and rehabilitating damaged ecosystems.